{"id":9751,"date":"2026-07-25T20:27:29","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T11:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/?page_id=9751"},"modified":"2026-07-26T23:15:21","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T14:15:21","slug":"math-abstraction-09-cognitive-process","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/mathematical-abstraction\/math-abstraction-09-cognitive-process\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc218\ud559\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \uc778\uc9c0\uc640 \ud559\uc2b5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- \uc218\ud559\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654 9\ud3b8: \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \uc778\uc9c0\uc640 \uc0c8\uc218\ud559 \uc6b4\ub3d9 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"math-abs-series\">\n<p><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-08-measure-spaces\/\">8\ubd80<\/a>\uc758 \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c, \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uacfc \uc704\uc0c1\uacf5\uac04, \uce21\ub3c4\uacf5\uac04\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud604\ub300 \uc218\ud559\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc774 \ub300\ud559 \uac15\uc758\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud754\ud788 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc21c\uc11c\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c \uac00\ub974\uccd0\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\uac1c \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub3c8\ub41c \uc815\uc758\uc640 \uacf5\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uba70, \uadf8 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc65c \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud574\uc84c\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uae68\ub2eb\uac70\ub098 \ub05d\ub0b4 \ubb3b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ucc44 \uac15\uc758\uc2e4\uc744 \ub098\uc11c\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc218\ud559 \uad50\uc721\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ub41c \uc774 \u2018\uc21c\uc11c\u2019\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8ec\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc218\ud559 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc740 \ud754\ud788 \uad50\uc0ac\uac00 \ub418\ub824\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub9cc\uc758 \ubaab\ucc98\ub7fc \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\uae30 \uc27d\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ub97c \uc5ec\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub530\ub77c\uc628 \ub3c5\uc790\ub77c\uba74 \uba38\ub9bf\uc18d\uc5d0 \ub9f4\ub3c4\ub294 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \u201c\u03b5-\u03b4 \ub17c\ubc95\uc740 \uc65c \ucc98\uc74c \ubc30\uc6b8 \ub54c \uc720\ub09c\ud788 \ub0af\uc124\uace0 \uace0\ud1b5\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4\uac00?\u201d, \u201c\ud568\uc218\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \uc5b4\uc9f8\uc11c \uc911\ud559\uad50, \uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uba87 \ubc88\uc774\ub098 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \ubc14\uafb8\uc5b4 \uac00\uba70 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud559\uc2b5\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uac00?\u201d \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub2f5\ud558\ub294 \ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uac00 \ubc14\ub85c \uc218\ud559\uad50\uc721\ud559\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uae00\uc740 \uc218\ud559\uc744 \uac00\ub974\uce58\ub294 \uad50\uc218\ubc95 \uc790\uccb4\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc218\ud559\uc744 \ubc30\uc6b0\uba70 \uacaa\uc5c8\ub358 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ud574\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \u2018\uc778\uc9c0\uc801 \ub3c4\uad6c\u2019\ub85c\uc11c \uad50\uc721 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc870\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h4>\uc555\ucd95\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654<\/h4>\n<p>\uc704\uc0c1\uc218\ud559\uc790 \uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4 \uc11c\uc2a4\ud134(William Thurston)\uc740 1990\ub144 \uae00 \u300cMathematical Education\u300d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ud559\uc774 \u201c\ub180\ub77c\uc6b8 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc555\ucd95 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4. \uc624\ub7ab\ub3d9\uc548 \uc528\ub984\ud574 \uc774\ud574\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\ub3c4 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uccb4\ud654\ub418\uace0 \ub098\uba74 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \uc555\ucd95\ub418\uc5b4, \ub2e4\uc74c \uc0ac\uace0 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c \ub2e8\uacc4\ucc98\ub7fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Thurston, W. P. (1990). Mathematical education. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 37, 844\u2013850. arXiv reprint.\" href=\"#ref-Thurston1990\">[Thurston1990]<\/a> \ubbf8\uc801\ubd84\ud559\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\ub97c \uc775\ud788\ub294 \ub370\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uccb4\ub4dd\ud558\uace0 \ub098\uba74 \u2018\ubbf8\ubd84\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud070 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \uc870\uc791\uc744 \ub9e4\ubc88 \uc815\uc758\ubd80\ud130 \ub418\uc9da\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ucca0\ud559\uc790\uc774\uc790 \uc218\ud559\uc790\uc778 \uc54c\ud504\ub808\ub4dc \ub178\uc2a4 \ud654\uc774\ud2b8\ud5e4\ub4dc(Alfred North Whitehead)\ub3c4 1911\ub144 \uc800\uc11c <i>An Introduction to Mathematics<\/i>\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc5ed\uc124\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\ub2e4. \ubb38\uba85\uc758 \uc9c4\ubcf4\ub294 \uacfc\uac70\uc5d0\ub294 \uc758\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\uc57c \ud588\ub358 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc870\uc791\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub3c4 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uadf8 \uc218\ub97c \ub298\ub824 \uac00\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Whitehead, A. N. (1911). An Introduction to Mathematics. Henry Holt.\" href=\"#ref-Whitehead1911\">[Whitehead1911, Ch. 5]<\/a> \uad6c\uad6c\ub2e8\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc775\ud78c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \ub450 \uc790\ub9ac \uc218\uc758 \uacf1\uc148\uc744 \ud560 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uacf1\uc148\uc758 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \ucc98\uc74c\ubd80\ud130 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc790\ub3d9\ud654\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \uc5c6\uc560\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc81c\ud55c\ub41c \uc8fc\uc758\ub825\uc744 \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud574 \uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc218\ud559\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc555\ucd95\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc870\uc791\uc774\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc11c \uad70(group)\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8f0 \ub54c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf8 \ucf00\uc77c\ub9ac \uc815\ub9ac(Cayley\u2019s theorem)\ub97c \ub5a0\uc62c\ub824 \ubcf4\uc790. \uac08\ub8e8\uc544\uc758 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uad70\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uadfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uce58\ud658 \uc9d1\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\uace0, 19\uc138\uae30 \uad70\ub860\uc740 \uce58\ud658\uad70\uacfc \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubcc0\ud658\uad70 \uac19\uc740 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc804\ud588\ub2e4. \ucf00\uc77c\ub9ac\ub294 1854\ub144\uc5d0 \ucd94\uc0c1\uad70 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ud5a5\ud55c \ucd08\uae30 \uc815\uc2dd\ud654\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ud6c4 \uacf5\ub9ac\uc801 \uad70 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc6d0\uc18c\uc758 \uc815\uccb4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacb0\ud569\ubc95\uce59, \ud56d\ub4f1\uc6d0, \uc5ed\uc6d0\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801 \uc99d\uba85\uc744 \uc804\uac1c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Kleiner, I. (1986). The evolution of group theory: A brief survey. Mathematics Magazine, 59(4), 195\u2013215.\" href=\"#ref-Kleiner1986\">[Kleiner1986]<\/a> \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc99d\uba85\uc774 \uc815\uc218\uc758 \ub367\uc148\uad70, \uae30\ud558\ud559\uc801 \ub300\uce6d\uad70, \uc544\uc9c1 \ub9cc\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ub2e4\ub978 \uad70\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud568\uaed8 \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4. \ucf00\uc77c\ub9ac \uc815\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad70\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub300\uce6d\uad70\uc758 \ubd80\ubd84\uad70\uacfc \ub3d9\ud615\uc778 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud559\uc2b5\uc790\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc555\ucd95\uc740 \uc591\ub0a0\uc758 \uac80\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4. \uc77c\ub2e8 \uccb4\ud654\ud558\uba74 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uccb4\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uc555\ucd95\ub41c \uae30\ud638\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacbd\ud5d8\uacfc \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ubb36\uc5b4 \ub193\uc740 \uac83\uc778\uc9c0 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<h4>\ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ub860<\/h4>\n<p>\uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc778\uc9c0 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\uc640 \uac1c\ub150 \ud615\uc131\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294\uac00? \uc778\uc9c0\ubc1c\ub2ec \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \uc218\ud559\uad50\uc721\ud559\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc774\ub860\uc801 \ud2c0\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc790.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uc778\uc9c0\ubc1c\ub2ec \uc774\ub860\uc758 \uc120\uad6c\uc790 \uc7a5 \ud53c\uc544\uc81c(Jean Piaget)\ub294 \ud2b9\ud788 <span class=\"defined\">\uacbd\ud5d8\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1<\/span>(empirical abstraction)\uacfc <span class=\"defined\">\ubc18\uc601\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1<\/span>(reflecting abstraction)\uc744 \uad6c\ubcc4\ud588\ub2e4. \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc740 \ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uac01\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \ubf51\uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uace0, \ubc18\uc601\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc740 \uc8fc\uccb4\uac00 \ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc218\ud589\ud55c \ud589\ub3d9\uacfc \uadf8 \ud589\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc758 \uc870\uc815 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubb3c\uccb4\ub97c \uc138\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc21c\uc11c\uc640 \uc77c\ub300\uc77c \ub300\uc751 \uac19\uc740 \uc870\uc791\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud574 \uac00\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \ud6c4\uc790\uc758 \uc608\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud53c\uc544\uc81c\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc124\uba85\uc5d0\uc11c \ub17c\ub9ac\u00b7\uc218\ud559\uc801 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc740 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \ub300\uc0c1\uc758 \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ubcf5\uc0ac\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4, \ud589\uc704\uc640 \uc870\uc791\uc758 \uc870\uc815\uc744 \ubc18\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc7ac\uc870\uc9c1\ud558\uba70 \uad6c\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4. <!-- \ub2e4\ub9cc \ud53c\uc544\uc81c\uc758 \ud6c4\uae30 \uc774\ub860\uc5d0\ub294 \uc758\uc0ac\uacbd\ud5d8\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1 \ub4f1 \ub354 \uc138\ubd84\ub41c \uad6c\ubd84\ub3c4 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774\ub97c \uc624\uc9c1 \ub450 \uc885\ub958\ub9cc \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ubd84\ub958\ub85c \uc77d\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Piaget, J. (2001). Studies in Reflecting Abstraction (R. L. Campbell, Ed. &amp; Trans.). Psychology Press. (Original work published 1977).\" href=\"#ref-Piaget2001\">[Piaget2001]<\/a> --><\/li>\n<li>\uc548\ub098 \uc2a4\ud30c\ub4dc(Anna Sfard)\ub294 1991\ub144 \ub17c\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ud559\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uacfc\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 <span class=\"defined\">\uc870\uc791\uc801 \ud30c\uc545<\/span>(operational conception)\uacfc \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 <span class=\"defined\">\uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ud30c\uc545<\/span>(structural conception)\uc744 \uad6c\ubcc4\ud588\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \u2018\ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\ub294\uac00\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \ub3d9\uc801\uc778 \uc808\ucc28\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0, \ud6c4\uc790\ub294 \uadf8 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uc644\uacb0\ub41c \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8ec\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud30c\ub4dc\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc801 \uad00\ub150\uc774 \ub300\uc0c1\uc801 \uad00\ub150\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub418\ub294 \uc778\uc9c0\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c <span class=\"defined\">\uc2e4\uccb4\ud654<\/span>(reification)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4. <!-- \ub450 \uad00\ub150\uc740 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub300\uccb4\ud558\ub294 \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc131\uc219\ud55c \uc218\ud559\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc644\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud55c\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Sfard, A. (1991). On the dual nature of mathematical conceptions: Reflections on processes and objects as different sides of the same coin. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 22, 1\u201336.\" href=\"#ref-Sfard1991\">[Sfard1991]<\/a> --><\/li>\n<li>\ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \ud1a8(David Tall)\uacfc \uc290\ub85c\ubaa8 \ube44\ub108(Shlomo Vinner)\ub294 1981\ub144 \ub17c\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c <span class=\"defined\">\uac1c\ub150 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0<\/span>(concept image)\uc640 <span class=\"defined\">\uac1c\ub150 \uc815\uc758<\/span>(concept definition)\ub97c \uad6c\ubcc4\ud588\ub2e4. \u2018\uac1c\ub150 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\u2019\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac1c\ub150\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\uc5b4 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc18d\uc5d0 \ud615\uc131\ub41c \uadf8\ub9bc, \uc0ac\ub840, \uc131\uc9c8, \uc808\ucc28 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \uc778\uc9c0 \uad6c\uc870\uc774\uba70, \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc77c\uad00\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub2e4. \u2018\uac1c\ub150 \uc815\uc758\u2019\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \ub9d0\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \ub73b\ud558\uace0, \uc774 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc218\ud559 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uac00 \uc2b9\uc778\ud55c \uc815\uc758\ub97c \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \uac1c\ub150 \uc815\uc758\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uad50\uacfc\uc11c\uc758 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc7ac\ud604\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc2e4\uc81c \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc81c\ud55c\ub41c \uac1c\ub150 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub450 \uad6c\uc870 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub958\ub85c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub098\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Tall, D., &amp; Vinner, S. (1981). Concept image and concept definition in mathematics with particular reference to limits and continuity. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 12, 151\u2013169.\" href=\"#ref-TallVinner1981\">[TallVinner1981]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\uc2a4\ud30c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc5d0\ub4dc \ub450\ube48\uc2a4\ud0a4(Ed Dubinsky)\uc640 \ub3d9\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc740 \ud53c\uc544\uc81c\uc758 \ubc18\uc601\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc744 \ub300\ud559 \uc218\ud559 \ud559\uc2b5\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uba70 APOS \uc774\ub860\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. APOS\ub294 \uc678\uc801 \uc9c0\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ud589\ub3d9(Action)\uc774 \ub0b4\uba74\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uacfc\uc815(Process)\uc774 \ub418\uace0, \uadf8 \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1(Object)\uc73c\ub85c \ucea1\uc290\ud654\ub418\uba70, \uad00\ub828 \ud589\ub3d9\u00b7\uacfc\uc815\u00b7\ub300\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2a4\ud0a4\ub9c8(Schema)\ub85c \uc870\uc9c1\ub418\ub294 \uc778\uc9c0\uc801 \uad6c\uc131\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \uc774\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uc2b5\uc790\uac00 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uace0\uc815\ub41c \ub124 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub97c \uc9c1\uc120\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Arnon, I., Cottrill, J., Dubinsky, E., Okta\u00e7, A., Roa Fuentes, S., Trigueros, M., &amp; Weller, K. (2014). APOS Theory: A Framework for Research and Curriculum Development in Mathematics Education. Springer.\" href=\"#ref-ArnonEtAl2014\">[ArnonEtAl2014]<\/a>]<\/p>\n<h4>\uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ub840<\/h4>\n<p>\uc774 \uad50\uc721\ud559\uc801 \uc774\ub860\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc218\ud559 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc790.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 <span class=\"defined\">\ud568\uc218<\/span>(function) \uac1c\ub150\uc774\ub2e4. \ub808\uc628\ud558\ub974\ud2b8 \uc624\uc77c\ub7ec(Leonhard Euler)\ub294 1748\ub144 <i>Introductio in analysin infinitorum<\/i>\uc5d0\uc11c \ud568\uc218\ub97c \ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uc0c1\uc218\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \u2018\ud574\uc11d\uc801 \ud45c\ud604\uc2dd\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, 1755\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ud55c \uc591\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc591\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub354 \ub113\uc740 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4. \uc9c4\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uacfc \ud478\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uae09\uc218\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \ub17c\uc758\ub97c \uac70\uce58\uba70 \ub2e8\uc77c\ud55c \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud568\uc218\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc84c\uace0, \ub514\ub9ac\ud074\ub808(Dirichlet)\uc758 1837\ub144 \ub17c\uc758\ub294 \uad6c\uac04\uc758 \uac01 \\(x\\)\uc5d0 \uac12\uc774 \uc815\ud574\uc9c0\uba74 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud574\uc11d\uc2dd\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud55c \uc774\uc815\ud45c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub41c\ub2e4. <!-- \ub2e4\ub9cc \uc784\uc758\uc758 \ub450 \uc9d1\ud569 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c\uac12 \ub300\uc751\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc9d1\ud569\ub860\uc801 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ub514\ub9ac\ud074\ub808 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \uadc0\uc18d\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc2dc\ub300\ucc29\uc624\uc801\uc774\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Kleiner, I. (1989). Evolution of the function concept: A brief survey. The College Mathematics Journal, 20(4), 282\u2013300.\" href=\"#ref-Kleiner1989\">[Kleiner1989]<\/a> --> \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ud655\uc7a5\uc740 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc2dd, \uadf8\ub798\ud504, \ubcc0\ud654 \uacfc\uc815, \ub300\uc751\uc73c\ub85c \uc810\ucc28 \ub113\uac8c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uacfc \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc720\uc0ac\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud1a8\uacfc \ube44\ub108\ub294 \uad50\uc0ac\uac00 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c \ub4a4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc608\uc81c\ub97c \uac70\uc758 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \ub2e4\ub8e8\uba74 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uac1c\ub150 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uac00 \u2018\ud568\uc218\ub294 \uc2dd\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubc94\uc704\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb3c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc9c0\uc801\ud588\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Tall, D., &amp; Vinner, S. (1981). Concept image and concept definition in mathematics with particular reference to limits and continuity. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 12, 151\u2013169.\" href=\"#ref-TallVinner1981\">[TallVinner1981]<\/a> <!-- \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5\uc774 \uc218\ud559\uc0ac\uc758 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubc18\ubcf5\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4. --><\/li>\n<li>\ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 \\(0.999\\ldots=1\\)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub4f1\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud559\uc2b5\uc790\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc774\ub2e4. \ubb34\ud55c\uc18c\uc218\ub294 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub05d\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ud45c\uae30 \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubd80\ubd84\ud569 \uc218\uc5f4\uc758 \uadf9\ud55c\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c<br \/>\n\\[<br \/>\n0.999\\ldots=\\sum_{n=1}^{\\infty}\\frac{9}{10^n}<br \/>\n=\\frac{9\/10}{1-1\/10}=1<br \/>\n\\]<br \/>\n\uc774\ub2e4. \uac01 \uc720\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\ud569\uc774 1\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc791\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uacfc \uadf8 \ubd80\ubd84\ud569\ub4e4\uc758 \uadf9\ud55c\uc774 1\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \ubaa8\uc21c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud30c\ub4dc\uc758 \ud2c0\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uba74, \\(0.999\\ldots\\)\ub97c \u20189\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d \ubd99\uc774\ub294 \ubbf8\uc644\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\u2019\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \ubcfc \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub4f1\ud638\uac00 \ubd80\uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uadf9\ud55c\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc218\ud559\uc801 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \ub4f1\uc2dd\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc120\uba85\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc801 \ud30c\uc545\uc774 \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ud30c\uc545\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub418\ub294 \uc2e4\uccb4\ud654 \uacfc\uc815\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc744 \uc120\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. <!-- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud2b9\uc815 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uac70\ubd80\uac10\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uace7\ubc14\ub85c \u2018\uc2e4\uccb4\ud654\uc758 \uc2e4\ud328\u2019\ub97c \uc9c4\ub2e8\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Sfard, A. (1991). On the dual nature of mathematical conceptions: Reflections on processes and objects as different sides of the same coin. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 22, 1\u201336.\" href=\"#ref-Sfard1991\">[Sfard1991]<\/a><a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Norton, A., &amp; Baldwin, M. (2012). Does 0.999... really equal 1? The Mathematics Educator, 21(2), 58\u201367.\" href=\"#ref-NortonBaldwin2012\">[NortonBaldwin2012]<\/a> --><\/li>\n<li>\uc138 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \uc2e4\uc218\uac12 \ud568\uc218 \\(f:D\\to\\mathbb R\\)\uac00 \\(x_0\\in D\\)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uc18d\uc784\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \u03b5-\u03b4 \uc815\uc758\uc774\ub2e4.<br \/>\n\\[<br \/>\n\\forall\\varepsilon&gt;0\\ \\exists\\delta&gt;0\\ \\forall x\\in D\\,<br \/>\n\\left(|x-x_0|&lt;\\delta\\ \\Longrightarrow\\ |f(x)-f(x_0)|&lt;\\varepsilon\\right)<br \/>\n\\]<br \/>\n<!-- \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud654\ub294 \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc288\ud2b8\ub77c\uc2a4 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc801\uc778 \ubc1c\uba85\uc774\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ucf54\uc2dc, \ub9ac\ub9cc, \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc288\ud2b8\ub77c\uc2a4 \ub4f1\uc744 \uac70\uce58\uba70 19\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d\ud559\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Grabiner, J. V. (1983). Who gave you the epsilon? Cauchy and the origins of rigorous calculus. The American Mathematical Monthly, 90(3), 185\u2013194.\" href=\"#ref-Grabiner1983\">[Grabiner1983]<\/a> -->\ud559\uc2b5\uc0c1\uc758 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \ud575\uc2ec \ub09c\uc810\uc740 \ub450 \ud55c\uc815\uc0ac\uc758 \uc758\uc874 \uad00\uacc4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc784\uc758\uc758 \\(\\varepsilon\\)\uac00 \uba3c\uc800 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uadf8 \uac12\uc5d0 \ub9de\ub294 \\(\\delta\\)\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \ub4a4\ubc14\uafb8\uba74 \ub354 \uac15\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uba85\uc81c\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uac1c\ub150 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub294 \ud754\ud788 \u201c\\(x\\)\uac00 \uac00\uae4c\uc6cc\uc9c0\uba74 \ud568\uc22b\uac12\ub3c4 \uac00\uae4c\uc6cc\uc9c4\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \uc815\uc131\uc801 \uadf8\ub9bc\ub9cc \uc788\uace0 \ud5c8\uc6a9\uc624\ucc28 \uc120\ud0dd\uc758 \uc21c\uc11c\ub294 \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \ud1a8\uacfc \ube44\ub108\ub294 \uadf9\ud55c\uacfc \uc5f0\uc18d\uc131\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac1c\ub150 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc640 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \uc815\uc758 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801 \ucda9\ub3cc, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u2018\ubaa8\ub4e0\u2019\uacfc \u2018\uc5b4\ub5a4\u2019 \uac19\uc740 \ud55c\uc815\uc0ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc758 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub17c\ud588\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Tall, D., &amp; Vinner, S. (1981). Concept image and concept definition in mathematics with particular reference to limits and continuity. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 12, 151\u2013169.\" href=\"#ref-TallVinner1981\">[TallVinner1981]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\uc0c8\uc218\ud559 \uc6b4\ub3d9<\/h4>\n<p>\ud559\uad50\uc218\ud559\uc744 \ud604\ub300\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uacfc\ud559\uae30\uc220 \uc778\ub825\uc744 \uc591\uc131\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\ud601\uc740 \ud754\ud788 <span class=\"defined\">\uc0c8\uc218\ud559 \uc6b4\ub3d9<\/span>(New Math Movement)\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud1b5\uc77c\ub41c \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc774\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 1950\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 1970\ub144\ub300\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uac1c\ub41c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uac1c\ud601\uc758 \ubb36\uc74c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 1957\ub144 \uc2a4\ud478\ud2b8\ub2c8\ud06c 1\ud638 \ubc1c\uc0ac \uc774\uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc911\ub4f1 \uc218\ud559 \uac1c\ud601\uc774 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud478\ud2b8\ub2c8\ud06c \ubc1c\uc0ac\ub294 \uacfc\ud559\uad50\uc721\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc704\uae30\uac10\uc744 \uace0\ucde8\ud558\uace0 \ub300\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc7ac\uc815 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4\ub0b8 \uacb0\uc815\uc801 \uacc4\uae30\uc600\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Kilpatrick, J. (2012). The new math as an international phenomenon. ZDM Mathematics Education, 44, 563\u2013571.\" href=\"#ref-Kilpatrick2012\">[Kilpatrick2012]<\/a><a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Phillips, C. J. (2014). The New Math: A Political History. University of Chicago Press.\" href=\"#ref-Phillips2014\">[Phillips2014]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>1959\ub144 \uc720\ub7fd\uacbd\uc81c\ud611\ub825\uae30\uad6c(OEEC)\uac00 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub8e8\uc544\uc694\ubabd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0 \uc911\ub4f1 \uc218\ud559\uad50\uc721 \uc138\ubbf8\ub098\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7a5 \ub514\uc678\ub3c4\ub124(Jean Dieudonn\u00e9)\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc885\ud569\uae30\ud558\uac00 \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\ub358 \uc911\uc2ec\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ube44\ud310\ud558\uace0, \uc120\ud615\ub300\uc218\uc640 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \ud604\ub300 \uc218\ud559\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \ub354 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc790\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc2dd \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub9b0 \uac15\uc5f0\ubb38\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uad6c\uc0c1\uc744 \u201cEuclid must go!\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\ub85c \uc694\uc57d\ud55c\ub2e4. <!-- \u201c\uc720\ud074\ub9ac\ub4dc\ub294 \uc8fd\uc5c8\ub2e4\u201d\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \u201c\uc720\ud074\ub9ac\ub4dc\ub294 \ubb3c\ub7ec\ub098\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\u201d \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc62e\uae30\ub294 \ud3b8\uc774 \uc815\ud655\ud558\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Organisation for European Economic Co-operation. (1961). New Thinking in School Mathematics. OEEC.\" href=\"#ref-OEEC1961\">[OEEC1961, pp. 31\u201346]<\/a><a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Kilpatrick, J. (2012). The new math as an international phenomenon. ZDM Mathematics Education, 44, 563\u2013571.\" href=\"#ref-Kilpatrick2012\">[Kilpatrick2012]<\/a> --><\/p>\n<p>[\ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc678\ucce4\ub2e4\uace0 \ud6c4\ub300 \ubb38\ud5cc\uc5d0 \uc804\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5b4 \uad6c\ud638\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac, 1961\ub144 \uacf5\uc2dd \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uc758 \uc601\uc5b4 \uac15\uc5f0\ubb38\uc5d0\ub294 \u201cEuclid must go!\u201d\uac00 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ub514\uc678\ub3c4\ub124\ub294 \uae30\ud558\ud559\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ubd80\uc815\ud588\ub2e4\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc911\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc885\ud569\uae30\ud558\uac00 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\ub358 \ubc29\uc2dd\uacfc \ube44\uc911\uc744 \ube44\ud310\ud588\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Organisation for European Economic Co-operation. (1961). New Thinking in School Mathematics. OEEC.\" href=\"#ref-OEEC1961\">[OEEC1961, pp. 31\u201346]<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>\ub514\uc678\ub3c4\ub124\uac00 \ubd80\ub974\ubc14\ud0a4(Bourbaki)\uc758 \ucc3d\ub9bd \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc774\uc5c8\uace0 \uadf8\uac00 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \uc9d1\ud569, \uc0ac\uc0c1, \uad6c\uc870\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uac00 \ubd80\ub974\ubc14\ud0a4\uc2dd \uc218\ud559\uad00\uacfc \ubc00\uc811\ud588\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uc0c8\uc218\ud559 \uc804\uccb4\uac00 \ubd80\ub974\ubc14\ud0a4\uac00 \uc124\uacc4\ud55c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70, \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc640 \uad50\uc218\ubc95\ub3c4 \ub2ec\ub790\ub2e4. <!-- \ud2b9\ud788 \ub8e8\uc544\uc694\ubabd \uc138\ubbf8\ub098\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \ub300\ud559 \uc9c4\ud559\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud558\ub294 \uc911\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ub17c\ud588\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uadf8 \uc81c\uc548\uc744 \uace7\ubc14\ub85c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774\uc758 \ucd08\ub4f1\uad50\uc721 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub85c \uc77c\ubc18\ud654\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Kilpatrick, J. (2012). The new math as an international phenomenon. ZDM Mathematics Education, 44, 563\u2013571.\" href=\"#ref-Kilpatrick2012\">[Kilpatrick2012]<\/a><a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Organisation for European Economic Co-operation. (1961). New Thinking in School Mathematics. OEEC.\" href=\"#ref-OEEC1961\">[OEEC1961]<\/a> --><\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 1958\ub144 \uad6d\ub9bd\uacfc\ud559\uc7ac\ub2e8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0 \uc544\ub798 \uc5d0\ub4dc\uc6cc\ub4dc \ubca0\uae00(Edward G. Begle)\uc774 \uc774\ub044\ub294 \ud559\uad50\uc218\ud559\uc5f0\uad6c\ud68c(SMSG, School Mathematics Study Group)\uac00 \uc870\uc9c1\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc911\ub4f1\uacfc\uc815 \uac1c\ud601\uc774 \uc911\uc2ec\uc774\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uace7 \ucd08\ub4f1\uacfc\uc815\ub3c4 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc2e4\uc81c \ucd08\ub4f1 \uad50\uc7ac\uc5d0\ub294 \uc9d1\ud569 \uc5b8\uc5b4, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc9c4\ubc95, \uc0b0\uc220 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc758 \uc131\uc9c8, \uc9c1\uad00\uae30\ud558 \ub4f1\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac14\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 SMSG\uc758 4\ud559\ub144 \uad50\uc7ac\ub294 \ud569\uc9d1\ud569\u00b7\uad50\uc9d1\ud569\uc758 \uae30\ud638\uc640 5\uc9c4\ubc95\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"School Mathematics Study Group. (1962). Mathematics for the Elementary School, Grade 4, Student's Text, Part I (rev. ed.).\" href=\"#ref-SMSG1962\">[SMSG1962]<\/a> <!-- \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uad70\uc758 \uacf5\ub9ac\uac00 \ucd08\ub4f1\uacfc\uc815\uc758 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uadfc\uac70\ub294 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ub2e4. \ube44\ud310\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \ub367\uc148\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uba3c\uc800 \uc9d1\ud569\ub9cc \uc678\uc6e0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2dd\uc758 \uc77c\ub960\uc801 \uc2e4\ud328\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc77c\ubd80 \uad50\uc7ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc640 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \uc5b4\ud718\uc640 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \uc5f0\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\uc9c8\ub418\uace0 \uad50\uc0ac\uc640 \ubd80\ubaa8\uac00 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc900\ube44\ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Kilpatrick, J. (2012). The new math as an international phenomenon. ZDM Mathematics Education, 44, 563\u2013571.\" href=\"#ref-Kilpatrick2012\">[Kilpatrick2012]<\/a><a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Phillips, C. J. (2014). The New Math: A Political History. University of Chicago Press.\" href=\"#ref-Phillips2014\">[Phillips2014]<\/a> --><\/p>\n<p>\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ube44\ud310\uc790 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ubaa8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud074\ub77c\uc778(Morris Kline)\uc740 1973\ub144 <i>Why Johnny Can\u2019t Add: The Failure of the New Math<\/i>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c8\uc218\ud559\uc774 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uc804\ubb38\uc6a9\uc5b4\ub97c \ub108\ubb34 \uc77c\ucc0d \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uacc4\uc0b0, \uc751\uc6a9, \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ub3d9\uae30\ub97c \uc18c\ud640\ud788 \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Kline, M. (1973). Why Johnny Can't Add: The Failure of the New Math. St. Martin's Press.\" href=\"#ref-Kline1973\">[Kline1973]<\/a> \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc \ud30c\uc778\ub9cc(Richard Feynman)\uc740 1964\ub144 \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uc8fc \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc704\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c 1\u20138\ud559\ub144\uc6a9 \uc218\ud559 \uad50\uacfc\uc11c\ub97c \uc2ec\uc0ac\ud588\uace0, \uc774\ub4ec\ud574 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud55c \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa9\uc801\uacfc \uc4f0\uc784\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc9d1\ud569 \uc6a9\uc5b4, \ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud558\uac8c \ud604\ud559\uc801\uc778 \u2018\uc815\ud655\ud55c\u2019 \ud45c\ud604, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc9c4\ubc95\uc758 \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc744 \ube44\ud310\ud588\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc744 \ud3d0\uae30\ud558\uc790\uace0 \ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud574\uacb0\ubc95\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc5f0\ud55c \uc0ac\uace0\uc640 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc758 \uc219\ub2ec\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Feynman, R. P. (1965). New textbooks for the \u201cnew\u201d mathematics. Engineering and Science, 28(6), 9\u201315.\" href=\"#ref-Feynman1965\">[Feynman1965]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\ud30c\uc778\ub9cc\uc758 \ub3d9\uc2dc\ub300 1\ucc28 \ucd9c\ucc98\ub294 1965\ub144 3\uc6d4 <i>Engineering and Science<\/i>\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub9b0 \u300cNew Textbooks for the \u201cNew\u201d Mathematics\u300d\uc774\ub2e4. \uae00 \uccab\uba38\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc774 \u2018\uc9c0\ub09c\ud574\u2019, \uace7 1964\ub144\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uba85\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4. 1985\ub144 \ud68c\uace0\ub85d <i>Surely You\u2019re Joking, Mr. Feynman!<\/i>\uc758 \u300cJudging Books by Their Covers\u300d\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ud6d7\ub0a0 \uc77c\ud654 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\uc9da\uc740 \uae00\uc774\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Feynman, R. P. (1965). New textbooks for the \u201cnew\u201d mathematics. Engineering and Science, 28(6), 9\u201315.\" href=\"#ref-Feynman1965\">[Feynman1965]<\/a><a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Feynman, R. P., &amp; Leighton, R. (1985). Judging books by their covers. In Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!: Adventures of a Curious Character. W. W. Norton.\" href=\"#ref-FeynmanLeighton1985\">[FeynmanLeighton1985]<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc81c3\ucc28 \uc218\ud559\uacfc \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc774 \uc0c8\uc218\ud559\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc601\ud588\ub2e4. \uc81c4\ucc28 \uc218\ud559\uacfc \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uc0c8\uc218\ud559\uc758 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc804\uba74 \ud3d0\uae30\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc77c\ubd80 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc758 \uc870\uae30 \ub3c4\uc785\uacfc \uc218\ud559\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\u00b7\ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\uc131\uc758 \uc9c0\ub098\uce5c \uac15\uc870\ub97c \uc644\ud654\ud558\uace0 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc758 \uc591\uacfc \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uc870\uc815\ud588\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"\ud55c\ud0dc\uc2dd. (1999). \uc218\ud559\uad50\uc721 \uac1c\ud601 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c \uc218\ud559 \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815. \uc218\ud559\uad50\uc721\ud559\uc5f0\uad6c, 9(1), 15\u201329.\" href=\"#ref-Han1999\">[Han1999]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\uc81c3\ucc28 \uad6d\uac00 \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc740 \ud559\uad50\uae09\ubcc4\ub85c \ud55c\uaebc\ubc88\uc5d0 \uacf5\ud3ec\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad6d\ubbfc\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc740 1973\ub144 2\uc6d4 14\uc77c, \uc911\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uac19\uc740 \ud574 8\uc6d4 31\uc77c, \uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc740 1974\ub144 12\uc6d4 31\uc77c\uc5d0 \uac01\uac01 \uacf5\ud3ec\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc81c4\ucc28 \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uad50\uae09\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 1981\ub144 12\uc6d4 31\uc77c \uace0\uc2dc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"\uad6d\uac00\uae30\ub85d\uc6d0. (2024). \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\ub839. \uad6d\uac00\uae30\ub85d\uc6d0 \ubd84\uc57c\ubcc4 \uc8fc\uc81c\uac80\uc0c9.\" href=\"#ref-NationalArchivesKorea\">[NationalArchivesKorea]<\/a>]<\/p>\n<h4>\uc2e4\ud328\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc5bb\uc740 \uad50\ud6c8<\/h4>\n<p>1970\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc0c8\uc218\ud559\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\uc5b4 \uc544\ub798 \ucd94\uc9c4\ub41c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\ud601\uc740 \uac70\uc13c \ubc18\ubc1c \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd95\uc18c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. <!-- \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub97c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ud55c\uaebc\ubc88\uc5d0 \u2018\uc2e4\ud328\u2019\ud588\ub2e4\uace0\ub9cc \uc11c\uc220\ud558\uba74 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4. --> \uc989, \ube44\uc2ed\uc9c4\ubc95 \uacc4\uc0b0 \uc5f0\uc2b5, \uc815\uc758\uc640 \uacf5\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \ub300\uc218, \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \uc9d1\ud569\ub860 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc774 \ucd95\uc18c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud568\uc218\uc640 \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4, \uc5f0\uc0b0\uc758 \uc131\uc9c8, \ud655\ub960\u00b7\ud1b5\uacc4, \uc88c\ud45c\uc640 \ubcc0\ud658\uae30\ud558\ucc98\ub7fc \uc774\ud6c4 \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc740 \uc694\uc18c\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Kilpatrick, J. (2012). The new math as an international phenomenon. ZDM Mathematics Education, 44, 563\u2013571.\" href=\"#ref-Kilpatrick2012\">[Kilpatrick2012]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\ud55c\uc2a4 \ud504\ub85c\uc774\ub374\ud0c8(Hans Freudenthal)\uc740 \uc0c8\uc218\ud559\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uc774 \ub110\ub9ac \ud655\uc0b0\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc778 1963\ub144\ubd80\ud130 <span class=\"defined\">\ubc18\uad50\uc218\ud559\uc801 \uc804\ub3c4<\/span>(anti-didactical inversion)\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Freudenthal, H. (1963). Enseignement des math\u00e9matiques modernes ou enseignement moderne des math\u00e9matiques? L'Enseignement Math\u00e9matique, 2e s\u00e9rie, 9, 28\u201344.\" href=\"#ref-Freudenthal1963\">[Freudenthal1963]<\/a> \uc774\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \ud0d0\uad6c\uc758 \ub05d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5bb\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc815\uc758\u00b7\uacf5\ub9ac\u00b7\uc815\ub9ac\uc758 \uc815\ub3c8\ub41c \uccb4\uacc4\ub97c \ud559\uc2b5\uc758 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ub4a4\uc9d1\uc5b4 \ub193\ub294 \uc77c\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud790\ubca0\ub974\ud2b8\uc758 \uae30\ud558\ud559 \uacf5\ub9ac\uacc4\ub098 \ud604\ub300\uc758 \uad70 \uacf5\ub9ac\ucc98\ub7fc \uc624\ub79c \ud0d0\uad6c \ub05d\uc5d0 \uc815\uc81c\ub41c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c, \uadf8 \uc815\uc758\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9 \uc5c6\uc774 \uba3c\uc800 \ubd80\uacfc\ud558\uba74 \ud559\uc0dd\uc740 \uae30\ud638\uac00 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc555\ucd95\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc54c\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4. \ud504\ub85c\uc774\ub374\ud0c8\uc758 \ub300\uc548\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc218\ud559\uc0ac\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc2dc\ud589\ucc29\uc624\ub97c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubc18\ubcf5\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uad6c\uccb4\ubb3c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub77c\ub294 \uaddc\uce59\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uc548\ub0b4 \uc544\ub798 \ud559\uc2b5\uc790\uac00 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc218\ud559\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294 <span class=\"defined\">\uc548\ub0b4\ub41c \uc7ac\ubc1c\uba85<\/span>(guided reinvention)\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Freudenthal, H. (1973). Mathematics as an Educational Task. D. Reidel.\" href=\"#ref-Freudenthal1973\">[Freudenthal1973]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubc18\uad50\uc218\ud559\uc801 \uc804\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc740 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ud45c\uc0c1\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uad50\uc721\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\uc6d4\ud558\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \ubcf4\ud3b8 \ubc95\uce59\uc774 \ub530\ub77c\uc624\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c \uce74\ubbfc\uc2a4\ud0a4(Jennifer A. Kaminski), \ube14\ub77c\ub514\ubbf8\ub974 \uc2ac\ub77c\uc6b0\uce20\ud0a4(Vladimir M. Sloutsky), \uc564\ub4dc\ub8e8 \ud5e4\ud074\ub7ec(Andrew F. Heckler)\ub294 2008\ub144 <i>Science<\/i>\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c 3\ucc28 \uac00\ud658\uad70\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac00\ub974\ucce4\ub2e4. \uccab \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc758 \ucc38\uac00\uc790 80\uba85\uc740 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \uae30\ud638 \uc0ac\ub840 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \ubc30\uc6b0\ub294 \uc870\uac74\uacfc, \uacc4\ub7c9\ucef5\uc758 \uc561\uccb4\u00b7\ud53c\uc790 \uc870\uac01\u00b7\uc6a9\uae30 \uc18d \ud14c\ub2c8\uc2a4\uacf5\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \ud558\ub098\u00b7\ub458\u00b7\uc14b \ubc30\uc6b0\ub294 \uc138 \uc870\uac74, \ubaa8\ub450 \ub124 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0 \ubc30\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub124 \uc870\uac74\uc740 \ud6c8\ub828 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \uc810\uc218\uc640 \ud559\uc2b5 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uac19\uc740 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ub0af\uc120 \uc5b4\ub9b0\uc774 \ub180\uc774\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc774 \uac80\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \uae30\ud638 \uc870\uac74\uc774 \uc138 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \uc870\uac74\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub192\uc740 \uc131\ucde8\ub97c \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc800\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc758 \ubd80\uc218 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \uad6c\uc870\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\uacfc \uc804\uc774\ub97c \uc81c\uc57d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11d\ud588\ub2e4. <!-- \ub2e4\ub9cc \uc774 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \uacfc\uc81c, \ud45c\uc0c1, \uc804\uc774 \uac80\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5bb\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc774 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uc6b0\uc6d4\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18 \ubc95\uce59\uc73c\ub85c \uc77d\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Kaminski, J. A., Sloutsky, V. M., &amp; Heckler, A. F. (2008). The advantage of abstract examples in learning math. Science, 320(5875), 454\u2013455.\" href=\"#ref-KaminskiEtAl2008\">[KaminskiEtAl2008]<\/a> --><\/p>\n<p>\ud6c4\uc18d \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uadf8 \ud574\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ub367\ubd99\uc600\ub2e4. \ub4dc\ubcf5(Dirk De Bock) \ub4f1\uc740 2011\ub144 \uc6d0\ub798\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \uc804\uc774 \uac80\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uce74\ubbfc\uc2a4\ud0a4 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc810\uc218 \uc591\uc0c1\uc744 \uc7ac\ud604\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\uc6b4 \ucc38\uac00\uc790\ub3c4 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc798 \uc804\uc774\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc9c8\uc801 \uc790\ub8cc \uc5ed\uc2dc \ucd94\uc0c1 \uc870\uac74\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uace0\ud588\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"De Bock, D., Deprez, J., Van Dooren, W., Roelens, M., &amp; Verschaffel, L. (2011). Abstract or concrete examples in learning mathematics? A replication and elaboration of Kaminski, Sloutsky, and Heckler's study. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 42(2), 109\u2013126.\" href=\"#ref-DeBockEtAl2011\">[DeBockEtAl2011]<\/a> \ud2b8\ub974\ub2c8\ub2c8\uce58(Dragan Trninic) \ub4f1\uc740 2020\ub144 \uacc4\ub7c9\ucef5 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc744 \uc218\ud559\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \ub354 \uc798 \ub300\uc751\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uacfc\uc81c\uc758 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc744 \uc815\ub82c\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uc801 \uc7ac\ud604\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \uc0ac\ub840\uc758 \uc804\uc774 \uc6b0\uc704\uac00 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\uace0 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \uc0ac\ub840\uac00 \ucd08\uae30 \ud559\uc2b5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354 \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Trninic, D., Kapur, M., &amp; Sinha, T. (2020). The disappearing \u201cadvantage of abstract examples in learning math.\u201d Cognitive Science, 44(7), e12851.\" href=\"#ref-TrninicEtAl2020\">[TrninicEtAl2020]<\/a> \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uad6c\uccb4\uc131\uacfc \ucd94\uc0c1\uc131\uc758 \uc774\ubd84\ubc95 \uc790\uccb4\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc774 \ubaa9\ud45c \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc798 \ub300\uc751\ud558\ub294\uc9c0, \ubd80\uc218 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0, \uc804\uc774 \uac80\uc0ac\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc2dc\ub418\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc808\ucda9\uc801 \uc124\uacc4\uac00 <span class=\"defined\">\uad6c\uccb4\uc131 \uc810\uac10<\/span>(concreteness fading)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uce5c\uc219\ud55c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub418 \ud45c\uc0c1\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ub300\uc751\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uadf8\ub9bc\uc774\ub098 \ub3c4\uc2dd \uac19\uc740 \uc911\uac04 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uae30\ud638\ub85c \uc62e\uaca8 \uac00\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \ud45c\uc0c1\ub9cc \ub610\ub294 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \ud45c\uc0c1\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc870\uac74\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc804\uc774\uc5d0 \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ubcf4\uace0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubb38\ud5cc \uac80\ud1a0\ub294 \uadf8 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ud559\uc2b5\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc804 \uc9c0\uc2dd, \uad6c\uccb4\ubb3c\uc758 \uc124\uacc4, \ud45c\uc0c1 \uac04 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc758 \uba85\ub8cc\uc131, \uacfc\uc81c\uc640 \ud3c9\uac00 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uad6c\uccb4\uc131 \uc810\uac10\uc740 \uad6c\uccb4\uc640 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc744 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \uc720\ub9dd\ud55c \uad50\uc218\ud559\uc801 \uc124\uacc4 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc774\ub2e4.<a class=\"math-abs-series-ref\" title=\"Fyfe, E. R., McNeil, N. M., Son, J. Y., &amp; Goldstone, R. L. (2014). Concreteness fading in mathematics and science instruction: A systematic review. Educational Psychology Review, 26, 9\u201325.\" href=\"#ref-FyfeEtAl2014\">[FyfeEtAl2014]<\/a><\/p>\n<h4>\uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc21c\uc11c<\/h4>\n<p>\uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf8 \uc778\uc9c0\uc801 \uc774\ub860\uacfc \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \uc885\ud569\ud558\uba74, \uc218\ud559\uc758 \u2018\ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc21c\uc11c\u2019\uc640 \u2018\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc21c\uc11c\u2019, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \u2018\ud559\uc2b5 \uc21c\uc11c\u2019\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \uad6c\ubcc4\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. <!-- \ub2e4\uc74c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc218\ud559\uad50\uc721 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \ud569\uc758\ud55c \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \ubd84\ub958\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc21c\uc11c\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\ubd84\uc774\ub2e4. --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"defined\">\ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc21c\uc11c<\/span>: \uc644\uc131\ub41c \uc815\uc758\uc640 \uacf5\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f0\uc5ed\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc815\ub9ac\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac00\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc21c\uc11c\uc774\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc120 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uc758 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \uacf5\ub9ac\uacc4\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \ucc28\uc6d0 \uc815\ub9ac \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \uc5f0\uc5ed\ud55c \uc11c\uc220 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"defined\">\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc21c\uc11c<\/span>: \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc218\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud480\uace0 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uace0\uce58\uba70 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ub0a8\uae34 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uada4\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. <!-- \uc774\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uace7\uac8c \uc9c4\ubcf4\ud55c \uae38\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70, \ud6c4\ub300\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801 \uc11c\uc0ac\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4. --><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"defined\">\ud559\uc2b5\uc758 \uc21c\uc11c<\/span>: \ud55c \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uc120\ud589 \uc9c0\uc2dd, \ud45c\uc0c1, \uacfc\uc81c, \uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uc548\ub0b4\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ub0af\uc120 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud574 \uac00\ub294 \uacbd\ub85c\uc774\ub2e4. \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc21c\uc11c\ub098 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc21c\uc11c\uc640 \uacb9\uce58\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5b4\ub290 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubcf5\uc81c\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1960\ub144\ub300 \uc0c8\uc218\ud559\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uc644\uc131\ub41c \uc218\ud559\uc758 \u2018\ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc21c\uc11c\u2019\ub97c \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \u2018\ud559\uc2b5 \uc21c\uc11c\u2019\ub85c \ub108\ubb34 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc62e\uae30\ub294 \ubd80\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uace0 \uc218\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud5e4\ub9f8\ub358 \uae38\uace0 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \u2018\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc21c\uc11c\u2019\ub97c \uad50\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc7ac\ud604\ud558\ub294 \uac83 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc815\ub2f5\uc77c \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ud6fc\uc190\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4, \ud559\uc2b5\uc790\uac00 \uadf8 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud558\uace0 \uc870\uc9c1\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacfc\uc81c\uc640 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc744 \uc124\uacc4\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacb0\ub860\uc740 \ubcf8 \uc5f0\uc7ac\uc758 \uc81c3\ubd80, \uc989 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04, \uc704\uc0c1\uacf5\uac04, \uce21\ub3c4\uacf5\uac04\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8ec \uc138 \ud3b8\uc758 \uae00\uc774 \ub300\ud559 \uac15\uc758\uc2e4\uc758 \uc804\ud615\uc801\uc778 \uc9c4\ub3c4\uc640 \uc65c \ub2ec\ub77c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc124\uba85\ud574 \uc900\ub2e4. \uc55e\uc120 \uae00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ub3d9\uae30\uc640 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \ubcf4\uc5ec \uc900 \ub4a4 \uacf5\ub9ac\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac00\ub294 \uc11c\uc220\uc744 \uc758\ub3c4\ud588\ub2e4. <!-- \ub2e4\ub9cc \uadf8 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub3c4 \ub2e8\uc120\uc801\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uc704\uc0c1 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \uac70\ub9ac \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \u2018\ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uacc4\u2019\ub85c \ud55c \ubc88\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70, \ub974\ubca0\uadf8 \uc801\ubd84\ub3c4 \ub9ac\ub9cc \uc801\ubd84\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4\ub9cc\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ub2e8 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc774\uc720\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uba85\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. --> \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\ub294 \uae38\uc774\uc640 \ub113\uc774, \uc810\uc9d1\ud569, \ud568\uc218\uc5f4, \ubbf8\ubd84\uacfc \uc801\ubd84\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubcf5\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5bd\ud600 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub300\ud559 \uad50\uc721\uc758 \uc21c\uc11c \uc5ed\uc2dc \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uace0\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \ucd94\uc0c1\ub300\uc218 \uac15\uc88c\ub294 \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uc758 \uacf5\ub9ac\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c \ub4a4 \\(\\mathbb R^n\\)\uacfc \ud568\uc218\uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uc0ac\ub840\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc120\ud615\ub300\uc218 \uc785\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc88c\ud45c\uc640 \uc5f0\ub9bd\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uc704\uc0c1\uc218\ud559\uc740 \uc704\uc0c1\uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0 \uac70\ub9ac\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc0dd\uae30\ub294 \uc704\uc0c1\uc744 \uc0ac\ub840\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud574\uc11d\ud559 \uac15\uc88c\ub294 \uac70\ub9ac\uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\ub2e4. <!-- \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \u2018\ub300\ud559\uc740 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \ub4a4\uc9d1\ub294\ub2e4\u2019\uace0 \uc77c\ubc18\ud654\ud558\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4, \uc81c\ud55c\ub41c \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \ud559\uc2b5 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131\uacfc \uc778\uc9c0\uc801 \uc811\uadfc\uc131 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc120\ud0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\ub294 \ud3b8\uc774 \uc815\ud655\ud558\ub2e4. --><!-- \ubcf8 \uc5f0\uc7ac\uc758 \uc81c3\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\ub9ac\uc758 \ub098\uc5f4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ub3d9\uae30\uc640 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \uc55e\uc138\uc6b4 \uc774\uc720\ub3c4 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \uade0\ud615\uc758 \ud55c\ucabd\uc744 \ubcf4\uc644\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub2e4. --><\/p>\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\ub41c \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc218\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \ud559\uc2b5\ub418\ub294 \uc7a5\uc18c, \uc989 \u2018\uac15\uc758\uc2e4\u2019\uc758 \ud48d\uacbd\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc218\ud559\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\ub294 \uac15\uc758\uc2e4 \ubc16, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\ub9ac\uac00 \uc99d\uba85\ub418\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub04a\uc784\uc5c6\uc774 \uc218\ud589\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8 \ucd5c\uc804\uc120\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \u201c\uc774\ub860\uc744 \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\ud558\uc5ec \ubc00\uc5b4\ubd99\uc77c \uac83\uc778\uac00\u201d \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ub450\uace0 \uc218\ud559\uc790\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. <a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-10-optimal-generality\/\">10\ubd80<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac15\uc758\uc2e4\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c \ud604\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\uc120\uc744 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Henry Holt. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/ebooks\/41568\">Project Gutenberg<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\uc800\uc791\uad8c<\/h4>\n<p>\uc774\uc2ac\ube44, 2026. designeralice\uff20daum.net.<\/p>\n<div class=\"math-abs-series-contents\">\n<p class=\"math-abs-series-menu-title\"><a href=\"..\/\">\uc218\ud559\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654<\/a><\/p>\n<ol class=\"math-abs-series-menu-list\">\n        <!-- \ud604\uc7ac \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 li \ud0dc\uadf8\uc5d0 class=\"math-abs-series-current-page\" \uc18d\uc131 \ucd94\uac00 --><\/p>\n<li><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-01-essence\/\">\uc218\ud559\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uac1c\ub150<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-02-implicit-era\/\">\ucd08\uae30 \uc218\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc554\ubb35\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-03-algebraic-symbols\/\">\ub300\uc218\uc801 \uae30\ud638\uc640 \uc5f0\uc0b0 \ubc95\uce59<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-04-axiomatic-method\/\">\uacf5\ub9ac\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-05-mathematical-structures\/\">\uc218\ud559\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub860<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-06-vector-spaces\/\">\ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uacfc \uc120\ud615 \uad6c\uc870<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-07-topological-spaces\/\">\uac70\ub9ac\uacf5\uac04\uacfc \uc704\uc0c1\uacf5\uac04<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-08-measure-spaces\/\">\uce21\ub3c4\uacf5\uac04\uacfc \ud655\ub960\uacf5\uac04<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"math-abs-series-current-page\"><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-09-cognitive-process\/\">\uc218\ud559\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \uc778\uc9c0\uc640 \ud559\uc2b5<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-10-optimal-generality\/\">\ud604\ub300 \uc218\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"..\/math-abstraction-11-topography\/\">\uc218\ud559\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uacfc \ucca0\ud559<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- class=\"math-abs-series\" --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>8\ubd80\uc758 \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c, \ubca1\ud130\uacf5\uac04\uacfc \uc704\uc0c1\uacf5\uac04, \uce21\ub3c4\uacf5\uac04\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud604\ub300 \uc218\ud559\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc774 \ub300\ud559 \uac15\uc758\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud754\ud788 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc21c\uc11c\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc21c\uc11c\ub85c \uac00\ub974\uccd0\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\uac1c \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub3c8\ub41c \uc815\uc758\uc640 \uacf5\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uba70, \uadf8 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc65c \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud574\uc84c\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uae68\ub2eb\uac70\ub098 \ub05d\ub0b4 \ubb3b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ucc44 \uac15\uc758\uc2e4\uc744 \ub098\uc11c\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc218\ud559 \uad50\uc721\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ub41c \uc774 \u2018\uc21c\uc11c\u2019\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8ec\ub2e4. \uc218\ud559 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc740 \ud754\ud788 \uad50\uc0ac\uac00 \ub418\ub824\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub9cc\uc758 \ubaab\ucc98\ub7fc \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\uae30&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9726,"menu_order":900,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9751","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9751","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9751"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9751\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10002,"href":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9751\/revisions\/10002"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sasamath.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9751"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}